What kinds of stimulants into?

Anti-doping campaign in 1968, the beginning of the International Olympic Committee requirements for the four categories of prohibited drugs, and then gradually increasing and now has reached seven categories. Although different classification of the statements, but basically in accordance with the pharmacological effects of these substances to the classification.

one stimulant
pharmacology of these drugs according to the characteristics and chemical structure can be divided into the following in:
1, to stimulate the spirit of medicine: including amphetamine and its related derivatives material and its salts
2, sympathomimetic amine drugs: This is a class of endogenous catecholamines adrenaline imitation and the role of norepinephrine substances to ephedrine and their derivatives and their salts class represented.
3, caffeine class: such is also known as xanthine class, because with the xanthine group.
4, miscellaneous central nervous system stimulant: If amine oxacillin, Xu tetrazole, nikethamide and strychnine, etc.. drugs,drugs question and answers
the first use of stimulants is also the first batch of banned stimulants, the most primitive sense of stimulants, because only this type of doping on the pharmacological effects of neuromuscular real "exciting role." 70 years before the 20th century, athletes used doping mainly fall into this category. 1960 Rome Olympics and the 1972 Munich Olympics, check out the use of stimulants are amphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and to a nikethamide.

II narcotic analgesics
pharmacology of these drugs according to the characteristics and chemical structure can be divided into two categories.
1, pethidine groups: clonidine, An Nuoding, diphenyl piperazine Cyclohexanone U.S. methadone, and their salts and derivatives, the main functional chemical groups is pethidine
2, opium alkaloids: including morphine, codeine, Diao Ning (ethyl morphine), heroin, pain hydroxymethyl left you a new South, and their salts and derivatives, chemical core group is A film from the morphine alkaloid extracted.

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III anabolic steroid use doping
as anabolic steroids, their derivatives and commodities, many formulations of particular species, mostly derivatives of testosterone. This is the most widely used, use the highest frequency of a class of stimulants, drug testing is an important object. International Olympic Committee is to disable some of the main species, but its spectrum has been expanded to disable.

4, diuretics
the clinical effects of these drugs affect the kidneys through the urine formation process, to increase the amount of urine excreted and thus alleviate or eliminate edema.
Objective:
1, quickly ruled out the body through the water weight.
2, increase the amount of urine, to quickly reduce the excretion of body fluids and metabolites of other stimulants, inferior race, causing a false negative drug test result.
3, other stimulants and speed up the excretion of other metabolites in the process, thereby mitigating some of the side effects.
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5, β-blockers to suppress sexual
mainly used in sports less, used in the treatment of clinical hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, there is propranolol, experience level , experience Ning, experience and expertise in static and so comfortable. These drugs in 1988 the IOC decided to disable the additional doping.
6, endogenous peptide hormones
mostly in the form of hormones in the body
1, human growth hormone (hGH)
2, insulin
3, red blood cells erythropoietin (EPO)
4, gonadotropin

7, also known as blood doping
red blood cell transfusion of blood, of the 20th century 40's started, they are used the same type of allogeneic blood transfusion, to achieve short-term increase in the number of red blood cells to achieve the increased capacity of blood carrying oxygen. 80 years into the 20th century, invented the technique of blood transfusion. It is reported that blood transfusion of red blood cells caused by the increase of the number of indicators such as blood can be extended for 3 months. 1988 Seoul Olympic Games was officially banned the inclusion of the scope of the International Olympic Committee. drugs,drugs question and answers
1995 the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission (IOC-MC) announced six major categories of forbidden drugs 114. 41 species of which stimulants such as amphetamine, caffeine, ephedrine; narcotic analgesics 10, such as morphine, pethidine, methadone; anabolic steroids 27 species, such as testosterone, androsterone United States (strongly up), stanozolol; diuretics 13 species, such as hydrochlorothiazide in urine plug, furosemide, times of refreshing may pass; masking agent 2, Table testosterone and C Huang Shu; 4 peptide hormones such as growth hormone, erythropoietin. There are certain restrictions on the drug by 17 species, such as alcohol, lidocaine and so on.

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